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Boulay, E: Text Book on Marine Motors

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O knihe

Excerpt from A Text Book on Marine Motors: Being a Description of Most of the Leading Types of Various Marine Motors as Now Manufactured

Practically all the oils that we use for these engines are derived from Petroleum or Rock Oil, which, like coal, is found ready made for us by nature, in a great many countries of the world; our chief supply comes from America and Russia.

This petroleum consists of a great many different substances all mixed together, and the first thing the manufacturer does is to fractionally distil it, that is to say, by gradually warming it; first of all the light volatile oils pass off as vapour, and are condensed into suitable receptacles. On an average, American Petroleum contains about 16 per cent. Of these oils, whilst Russian Petroleum only gives 4 per cent. As the heat of distillation is gradually increased, the next substance to come away is what the Americans call kerosine and we here paraffin, that is the oil we use in our ordinary household lamps. American Petroleum gives about 50 per cent. Of this oil, whilst Russian only gives 27 per cent. As the heat of distillation is further increased, the heavy lubricating oils that we use for the cylinders of gas and oil engines, vaseline, and paraffin wax, &c., gradually come away and are separately stored for use.

The light oils are now again distilled, and ultimately what we use here for engines, and known as Pratt's Motor Spirit or Petrol, is obtained and sent over here in air-tight tins. These contain two gallons and are sold at an average price of per gallon.

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