Chemistry

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 132. Chapters: Periodic table, Chemical element, Atom, Organic chemistry, Molecule, Biochemistry, Chemical reaction, Inorganic chemistry, Acid-base reaction, Crystallography, Geochemistry, Stereochemistry, Astrochemistry, Chemical property, Combinatorial chemistry, Theoretical chemistry, Chemical synthesis, Chemical biology, History of chemistry, Magnetochemistry, Nuclear chemistry, Green chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, Glossary of chemistry terms, Chemistry education, Chemical substance, Clandestine chemistry, Radiochemistry, Photochemistry, Chemical compound, Food chemistry, Atmospheric chemistry, Radioanalytical chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Amateur chemistry, Philosophy of chemistry, Forensic chemistry, Microscale chemistry, Cheminformatics, Chemical state, International Year of Chemistry, Sonochemistry, Chemical library, Chemical similarity, Phytochemistry, The central science, Chemistry genealogy, Dehydron, Soft chemistry, Professional Chemist, Mathematical chemistry, Chemical physics, Chemical technologist, Chemical energy, Chemical classification, Biophysical chemistry, Chemical structure, Wet chemistry, Marine chemist, Crystal chemistry, General chemistry, Mechanochemistry, ChemistryViews, Chemical species, Petrochemistry, Physiological chemistry, Free element. Excerpt: Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry and biology that involves the application of chemical techniques and tools, often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. This is a subtle difference from biochemistry, which is classically defined as the study of the chemistry of biomolecules. For example, a biochemist would seek to understand the three-dimensional structure of a protein and how that structure relates to the chemistry of the protein. Also, Biochemistry also studies the inhibition and activation of enzymes and receptors with small organic molecules, also known as inhibitors or activators. This is known from most text-books of biochemistry. Chemical biologists attempt to utilize chemical principles to modulate systems to either investigate the underlying biology or create new function. In this way, the research done by chemical biologists is often closer related to that of cell biology than biochemistry. In short, biochemists deal with the chemistry of biology, chemical biologists deal with chemistry applied to biology. Some forms of chemical biology attempt to answer biological questions by directly probing living systems at the chemical level. In contrast to research using biochemistry, genetics, or molecular biology, where mutagenesis can provide a new version of the organism or cell of interest, chemical biology studies sometime probe systems in vitro and in vivo with small molecules that have been designed for a specific purpose or identified on the basis of biochemical or cell-based screening. Chemical biology is one of many interfacial sciences that are characteristic of a general trend away from older, reductionist fields toward those whose goals are to achieve a description of scientific holism. In this sense, it is related to other fields such as proteomics. Chemical biology has historical and philosophical roots in medicinal chemistry, supramolecular che