Emacs

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Chapters: Jamie Zawinski, Editor war, James Gosling, Emacs Lisp, Gosling Emacs, XEmacs, W3m, GNU TeXmacs, Richard Stallman, Erik Naggum, Vile, Guy L. Steele, Jr., Lucid Inc., Gnus, Emacspeak, AUCTEX, Conkeror, Org-mode, ERC, Dired, SLIME, SXEmacs, MULE, Rcirc, Aquamacs, Emacs Speaks Statistics, JOVE, Hemlock, Dunnet, Zmacs, Wanderlust, Mg, MicroEMACS, Meadow, Climacs, Emacs/W3, Zile, EINE, Elle, Freemacs, Epsilon, Hey Emacs, Mocklisp, Planner, Leim, Multics Emacs, Apel, RefTeX. Excerpt: Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often shortened to rms, is an American software freedom activist and computer programmer. In September 1983, he launched the GNU Project to create a free Unix-like operating system, and he has been the project's lead architect and organizer. With the launch of the GNU Project, he initiated the free software movement; in October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation. Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft, and he is the main author of several copyleft licenses including the GNU General Public License, the most widely used free software license. Since the mid-1990s, Stallman has spent most of his time advocating for free software, as well as campaigning against software patents, digital rights management, and what he sees as excessive extension of copyright laws. Stallman has also developed a number of pieces of widely used software, including the original Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection, the GNU Debugger, and various tools in the GNU coreutils. He co-founded the League for Programming Freedom in 1989. Stallman was born to Daniel Stallman and Alice Lippman, in 1953 in New York City. His first experience with computers was while in high school at the IBM New York Scientific Center. He was hired for the summer to write a numerical analysis program in Fortran. He completed the task after a couple of weeks and spent the rest of the summer writing a text editor in APL. Stallman spent the summer after his high-school graduation writing another program, a preprocessor for the PL/I programming language on the IBM System/360. During this time, Stallman was also a volunteer laboratory assistant in the biology department at Rockefeller University. Although he was already moving toward a career in mathematics or physics, his teaching professor at Rockefeller thought he would have a future as a biologist. As a first-year student at Harvard University, Stallman was known for his strong performance in Math 55. In 1971 he