Insecticides Resistance

Insecticide resistance is an evolutionary phenomenon, reflecting the selection of mutant genes by insecticides applications. The results which were achieved in this study meet the point of strategy to development, an in vitro technique for diagnosis and monitoring resistance. This study, it could be to detect resistance through electrophoretic patterns of the haemolymph protein, and also the markers amplified using nine ISSR primers. This technique was used to build relationships between the different field and resistant strains. These relationships formulated a helpful key to detect the resistant, also to distinguish between the different field and resistant strains. Further studies need to be done to add more resistant cases for other pesticides to the key described here, to complete a database, which will be a helpful tool to detect the resistant strain and determine to which insecticide. On the other hand, it is important to detect the gene or genes, which are responsible for resistance of S. littoralis to the investigated insecticides. Furthermore, the chemical monitoring of the enzymes in field and resistant strains helped to give an idea about the mechanism of resistance.