Land art

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 61. Chapters: Crop circle, Robert Smithson, Vintondale, Pennsylvania, Patricia Johanson, Nancy Holt, Andy Goldsworthy, Tetsuo Harada, Graham Goddard, Richard Long, Nazca Lines, Environmental art, Dalziel + Scullion, Alice Adams, Bill Vazan, David Nash, Caseros Prison Demolition Project - 16 Tons, Newark Earthworks, Land Arts of the American West, Walter De Maria, Spiral Jetty, Sunpendulum, Blythe Intaglios, NVA, Site-specific art, Parkfield Interventional EQ Fieldwork, David Medalla, Agnes Denes, Confluence, Geoglyph, Sun Farm, Rock Garden, Salvation Mountain, Earl W. Brydges Artpark State Park, Spiral Island, Jim Denevan, Michael Heizer, Daniela Bertol, City, Seth Wulsin, Running Fence, Alan Sonfist, Rock Hawk Effigy Mound, Stan Herd, Natural World Museum, Roden Crater, Monument to the Negev Brigade, D.V. Rogers, Not A Cornfield, Shinji Turner-Yamamoto, Nils Udo, Richard Shilling, Greenmuseum.org, Wolfgang Laib, Double Negative, Desert Breath, Partially Buried Woodshed, The Lightning Field, 7000 Oaks. Excerpt: Patricia Johanson (Born September 8, 1940, New York City) Patricia Johanson is known for her large-scale art projects that create aesthetic and practical habitats for humans and wildlife. She designs her functional art projects, created with and in the natural landscape, to solve infrastructure and environmental problems, but also to reconnect city-dwellers with nature and with the history of a place. These project designs date from 1969, making her a pioneer in the field of ecological-art (or eco-art.) Johanson's work has also been classified as Land Art, Environmental Art, Site-specific Art and Garden Art. Her early paintings and sculptures are part of Minimalism. Johanson's enthusiasm for nature and for art began in childhood. She grew up in New York City, where she spent countless hours in Frederick Law Olmsted parks. Her mother, a former model, introduced her to the arts. As a high school student, she excelled at music, but at Bennington College (1958-1962) she was a painting major. Through her contacts at Bennington, Johanson became part of the 1960s New-York art-world. Her Bennington instructor, Tony Smith (sculptor), was a close friend and her art-history professor, Eugene Goossen, a mentor and later her husband. At this time she met fellow-artists Kenneth Noland, David Smith (sculptor), Helen Frankenthaler, Franz Kline, Philip Guston and Joseph Cornell. She also came to know art-critic Clement Greenberg and visionary architect Frederick John Kiesler. Johanson earned a Master's in art history at Hunter College, New York in 1964. There she studied with Tony Smith, Eugene Goossen and Ad Reinhardt and met fellow art students Robert Morris, Carl Andre and Robert Barry. At this time, she worked as a researcher for New York publisher Benjamin Blom on a compendium of 18th and 19th century American artists. The project led to an opportunity to catalogue the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, who became an important mentor. Her husband, art critic and historian Eugene Goossen