Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 155. Chapters: Tracheal intubation, History of tracheal intubation, Cleft lip and palate, Dental implant, Head and neck cancer, Rhinoplasty, Wisdom tooth, Distraction osteogenesis, Tracheotomy, Facial trauma, Bone grafting, Osseointegration, Ameloblastoma, Face transplant, Facial cleft, Snoring, Oral cancer, Dental extraction, Dentofacial osteotomy, Ankyloglossia, Lifestyle Lift, Pharyngeal flap surgery, Ptosis, Lip enhancement, Computer-assisted surgery, Mouth ulcer, Salivary gland, Bone Anchored Hearing Aid, Facial nerve paralysis, Facial feminization surgery, Microsurgery, Craniofacial surgery, Patient registration, Orthognathic surgery, Prognathism, Mini dental implants, Lip reconstruction, Bioceramic, Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis, Oropharyngeal cancer, Forehead lift, Maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure, Oculoplastics, Free flap, Bone segment navigation, Rhytidectomy, Le Fort fracture of skull, Hydraulic Sinus Condensing, Otoplasty, Cheek augmentation, Keratocystic odontogenic tumour, Chin augmentation, Splint activator, East Asian blepharoplasty, Macroglossia, Surgical planning, Surgical Segment Navigator, Connie Culp, Facial rejuvenation, Ranula, Laboratory Unit for Computer Assisted Surgery, Restylane, British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, Septoplasty, Oral surgery, Craniofacial prosthesis, Frenuloplasty, Nasal fracture, Reconstructive surgery, Dacryocystorhinostomy, Interplast, Fraxel, Lingual frenectomy, Cranioplasty, Micrognathism, Dental anesthesiology, Michael W. Vannier, Genioplasty, SMAS, Maxillomandibular advancement, Labial frenectomy, Minimal Access Cranial Suspension, Torus removal surgery, Epicanthoplasty, Palatoplasty, Cordectomy, Genioglossus advancement, Head and neck pathology, Chin sling, American Dental Board of Anesthesiology, Stomatognathic system, Mentoplasty, Lefort III, Hypoplastic maxilla, Latham appliance. Excerpt: Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs, including mechanical ventilation, and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation or airway obstruction. The most widely used route is orotracheal, in which an endotracheal tube is passed through the mouth and vocal apparatus into the trachea. In a nasotracheal procedure, an endotracheal tube is passed through the nose and vocal apparatus into the trachea. Other methods of intubation involve surgery and include the cricothyrotomy (used almost exclusively in emergency circumstances) and the tracheotomy, used primarily in situations where a prolonged need for airway support is anticipated. Because it is an invasive and extremely uncomfortable medical procedure, intubation is usually performed after administration of general anesthesia and a neuromuscular-blocking drug. It can however be performed in the awake patient with local or topical anesthesia, or in an emergency without any anesthesia at all. Intubation is normally facilitated by using a conventional laryngoscope, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope or video laryngoscope to identify the glottis, though other devices and techniques are available. After the trachea has been intubated, a balloon cuff is typically inflated near the far ...