Roman frontiers

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 50. Chapters: Stanegate, Limes, Roman Dacia, Hadrian's Wall, Defence-in-depth, Antonine Wall, Meroë, Limes Germanicus, Roman military frontiers and fortifications, Fosse Way, Limes Moesiae, Borders of the Roman Empire, Gask Ridge, Limes Arabicus, Leahill Turret, Hadrian's Wall, RaSa, Pike Hill Signal Tower, Trajan's Wall, Devil's Dykes, Romans in the Netherlands, Limes Alutanus, Celemantia, Limes Transalutanus, Dacia Aureliana, Limes Porolissensis, Brazda lui Novac, Athanaric's Wall, Gerulata, Strata Diocletiana. Excerpt: Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana and Dacia Felix) was a province of the Roman Empire (106-271/275 AD). Its territory consisted of eastern and southeastern Transylvania, the Banat, and Oltenia (regions of modern Romania). It was from the very beginning organized as an imperial province and remained so throughout the Roman occupation. Historians' estimates of the population of Roman Dacia range from 650,000 to 1,200,000. The conquest of Dacia was completed by Emperor Trajan (98-117) after two major campaigns against Decebalus's Dacian kingdom. The territory of the kingdom was not, however, occupied in its entirety by the Romans, as the greater part of Moldavia, together with Maramures and Crisana, was ruled by Free Dacians even after the Roman conquest. In 119, the Roman province was divided into two departments: Upper Dacia and Lower Dacia (later named Dacia Malvensis). In 124 (or around 158), Upper Dacia was divided into two provinces: Dacia Apulensis and Dacia Porolissensis. During the Marcomannic Wars the military and judicial administration was unified under the command of one governor, with another two senators (the legati legionis) as his subordinates; the province was called simply Dacia or Three Dacias (tres Daciæ). The Roman authorities established in Dacia a massive and organized colonization. New mines were opened and ore extraction intensified, while agriculture, stock breeding, and commerce flourished in the province. Dacia began to supply grain not only to the military personnel stationed in the province but also to the rest of the Balkan area. It became a highly urban province, with 11 or 12 cities known, 8 of which held the highest rank of colonia, though the number of cities was fewer than in the region's other provinces. All the cities developed from old military camps. Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, the seat of the imperial procurator (finance officer) for all the three subdivisions, was the financial, religious, and legislative center of the province