The Molecular and Cellular Biology of Fertilization

Prologue.- 1 Fertilization and Immunity-Revisited.- Summary.- Univalent Antibodies.- Paramecium: A Model System.- References.- 2 Sperm-Egg Interactions Preparatory to Fertilization.- Summary.- The Activation of the Spermatozoon.- The Activation of the Egg.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Effects of Anti-Zona Pellucida Monoclonal Antibodies on Fertilization and Early Development.- Summary.- Monoclonal Antibodies.- Passive Immunization of Mice.- In Vitro Fertilization and Development.- Production of Monoclonal Antibodies.- Distribution of Zona Proteins.- Passive Immunization of Mice.- In Vitro Fertilization.- Reversibility of Contraception.- Effect on Development.- Discussion.- References.- 4 Nature of the Mouse Egg¿s Receptor for Sperm.- Summary.- Composition of the Mouse Zona Pellucida.- Identification of the Mouse Egg¿s Sperm Receptor: Experimental Approach.- Identification of the Mouse Egg¿s Sperm Receptor: Observations.- Identification of the Mouse Egg¿s Inducer of the Acrosome Reaction: Experimental Approach.- Identification of the Mouse Egg¿s Inducer of the Acrosome Reaction: Observations.- Structure of ZP3: The Mouse Egg¿s Receptor for Sperm.- Identification of the Molecular Nature of the Sperm Receptor Activity of ZP3.- Identification of the Molecular Nature of the Acrosome Reaction-Inducing Activity of ZP3.- Discussion.- References.- 5 The Receptor Function of Galactosyltransferase During Mammalian Fertilization.- Summary.- Cell Surface GalTase.- The T/t-Complex of the Mouse.- Surface GalTase on Mutant t-Sperm.- The Effects of In Vitro Capacitation on Surface GalTase Activity.- Perturbing Sperm GalTase Inhibits Sperm/Egg Binding.- Inhibition of Sperm/Zona Binding by Purified GalTase.- Inhibition of Sperm/Zona Binding by Monospecific Anti-GalTAse IgG.- Sperm GalTase Substrates in the Zona Pellucida.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Immunological Identification of Sperm Antigens that Participate in Fertilization.- Summary.- Acrosomal Crescent Localization: M42 and M41.- Equatorial Segment Localization: M2 and M29.- References.- 7 The Action Of Acrosin on the Zona Pellucida.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 8 Biochemical Studies of the Envelope Transformations in XenopusLaevis Eggs.- Summary.- Biological Features.- Morphological Approach.- Molecular Approach.- CE to VE Conversion.- VE to FE Conversion.- Concluding Comments.- References.- 9 The Role of Oviducal Secretions in Mediating Gamete Fusion in the Toad, BufoBufoJaponicus.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 10 Oviducal Pars Recta as Factor in Fertilization Properties and Hormonal Regulation in the Toad BufoArenarum.- Summary.- Involvement of Pars Recta in Fertilization.- Structural Change of the Coelomic Oocytes Vitelline Envelope by Oviducal Secretion.- Ultrastructural Study.- Participation of Pars Recta in Inducing Acrosome Reaction.- Metabolic Switch in Coelomic Oocytes of PR Effect.- Comparative Biological and Biochemical Properties of Pars Recta Secretion Fluid and Protein(s) Purified from Pars Recta Extract.- Hormonal Regulation of Biological Activity.- Conclusions.- References.- 11 The Cortical Endoplasmic Reticulum and its Possible Role in Activation of DiscoglossusPictis (Anura) Eggs.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 12 Urodele Egg Jelly and Fertilization.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 13 Induction of the Acrosomal Reaction in Sperm from the White Sturgeon, AcipenserTransmontanus.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 14 Sperm Glycosidase as a Plausible Mediator of Sperm Binding to the Vitelline Envelope in Ascidians.- Summary.- Experimental.- Discussion.- References.- 15 Structure, Assembly and Functions of the Surface Envelope (Fertilization Envelope) from Eggs of the Sea Urchin, StronglyocentrotusPurpuratus.- Summary.- Ultrastructure and Polypeptide Composition of the FE.- Ultrastructural and Biochemical Stages in FE Development.- VE Sperm Receptor and Modulation of Its Activity During the VE to FE Transition.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 16 Characterization of the StrongylocentrotusPurpuratus Egg Cell Surface Receptor for Sperm.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Discussion.- Conclusions.- References.- 17 Peptides Associated with Eggs: Mechanisms of Interaction with Spermatozoa.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results.- Discussion.- References.- 18 Dephosphorylation of Sea Urchin Sperm Guanylate Cyclase During Fertilization.- Summary.- Materials and Methods.- Results and Disucssion.- Conclusions.- References.- 19 Steps in the Fertilization Process: Understanding and Control.- Summary.- References.- 20 Control of Fertilization by Immunization with Peptide Fragments of Sperm Specific LDH-C4.- Summary.- Fertility Reduction by Sperm Antigens.- Development of an Immunocontraceptive Technology: Sperm Specific LDH-C4.- References.- 21 Pathways to Immunocontraception: Biochemical and Immunological Properties of Glycoprotein Antigens of the Porcine Zona Pellucida.- Summary.- Isolation of Porcine Zonae Pellucidae.- Macromolecular Composition of the Porcine Zona Pellucida.- Comparative Aspects of Mammlian Zona Pellucida Structure.- Isolation of a Purified Porcine Zona Antigen (PPZA).- Antibodies to PPZA.- Isolation and Properties of 82K and 55K Antigens from SDS-Dissociated Nonreduced Porcine Zonae Pellucida.- References.- 22 Research Frontiers in Human In Vitro Fertilization.- Summary.- Endocrine Aspects.- Gamete Biology.- Embryonic Development and Implantation.- References.