Writing instruments

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 67. Chapters: Pencil, Fountain pen, Quill, Inkwell, Lamy, Mechanical pencil, Montblanc, Silverpoint, Writing implement, Sharpie, Livescribe, Faber-Castell, Eraser, Dip pen, Four Treasures of the Study, Classmate Stationery, Stylus, Conway Stewart, László Bíró, Esterbrook, Société Bic, Perry & Co., Bic Cristal, Quink, Syng inkstand, Staedtler, Joseph Gillott, Counterfeit banknote detection pen, Gel pen, Birmingham pen trade, Ink brush, Highlighter, Ferrule, Schwan-Stabilo, Rotring, Skywriting, Permanent marker, Josiah Mason, Derwent Cumberland Pencil Company, Ballograf, Zebra, Project Eden, Yatate, Ink eraser, Namiki, Kalamos, Paint marker, Rastrum, Montegrappa, Edding, Berol, Expo Dry Erase Products, Grease pencil, Parker Vector, Digital pen, Narayam, Wet wipe marker, Chalkboard eraser, Sidewalk chalk, Tombow, Decoder pen, Reed pen, Paper Mate PhD Multi, Cretacolor, Inkpot, Noctograph, Stipula, Pentel PD345, Mean Streak Marker, Fudepen, Connector Pens. Excerpt: A pencil is a writing implement or art medium usually constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing. The case prevents the core from breaking, and also from marking the user's hand during use. Pencils create marks via physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are noticeably distinct from pens, which dispense liquid or gel ink that stain the light color of the paper. Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder, leaving grey or black marks that can be easily erased. Graphite pencils are used for both writing and drawing, and the result is durable: although writing can usually be removed with an eraser, it is resistant to moisture, most chemicals, ultraviolet radiation and natural ageing. Other types of pencil core are less widely used. Charcoal pencils are mainly used by artists for drawing and sketching. Colored pencils are sometimes used by teachers or editors to correct submitted texts but are more usually regarded as art supplies, especially those with waxy core binders that tend to smear on paper instead of erasing. Grease pencils have a softer crayon-like waxy core that can leave marks on smooth surfaces such as glass or porcelain. The most common type of pencil casing is a thin wooden cylinder permanently bonded around the core. Similar permanent casings may be constructed of other materials such as plastic or paper. In order to use the pencil, the casing must be carved or peeled off to expose the working end of the core as a sharp point. Mechanical pencils have more elaborate casings that support mobile pieces of pigment core, which can be extended or retracted through the casing tip as needed. Old Soviet coloured pencils with box (circa 1959)The archetypal pencil may have been the stylus, which was a thin metal stick, often made from lead and used for scratching in papyrus, a form of early paper. They were used extensively by the ancient