Insulin, chemistry, structure, and function of insulin and related hormones

Frontmatter -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Preface -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- SECTION I. STRUCTURE OF INSULIN -- A Comparison Between the Insulin Molecules in 2-Zinc and 4-Zinc Insulin Crystals / Dodson, E.J. / Dodson, G.G. / Reynolds / Vallely, D. -- Crystal Structure, Aggregation and Biological Potency of Beef Insulin Cross-Linked at A1 and B29 by Diaminosuberic Acid / Dodson, G.G. / Cutfield, S. / Hoenjet, E. / Wollmer, A. / Brandenburg, D. -- Correlation of Structural Details of Insulin in the Crystal and in Solution / Vollmer, A. / Straßburger, W. / Hoenjet, E. / Glatter, U. / Fleischhauer, J. / Mercola, D.A. / de Graaf, R.A.G. / Dodson, E.J. / Dodson, G.G. / Smith, D.G. / Brandenburg, D. / Danho, W. -- SECTION II. PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS -- An Assessment of Protecting Group Strategies in Synthesis of Large Peptides / Meienhofer, J. -- Fully Active Semisynthetic Insulin by Selective Formation of the Disulfide Bridges as an Intermediate Result of the Total Synthesis by Fragment Condensation on Polymer Phase / Birr, C. / Pipkorn, R. / Gattner, H.-G. / Renner, R. / Häring, H.-U. -- [A14-Phenylalanine-Insulin]: A Synthetic Analogue / Danho, W. / Sasaki, A. / Büllesbach, E. / Gattner, H.-G. / Wollmer, A. -- [B25-Tyrosine]B-Chain-S-Sulfonate of Porcine Insulin / Knorr, R. / Danho, W. / Büllesbach, E. / Gattner, H.-G. / Zahn, E. -- The Synthesis of [B25-4-Nitrophenylalanine]-Octapeptide B(23-30) of Porcine Insulin / Casaretto, M. / Danho, W. / Gattner / Zahn, H. -- A Novel Route for the Preparation of Mono-Iodotyrosine and Mono-Iodotyrosine-Containing Peptides by Electrochemical Reduction of Di-Iodo Derivatives / Gattner, H.-G. / Danho, W. -- Alternative Approach for Human Proinsulin Synthesis / Yanaihara, N. / Sakagami, M. / Yanaihara, C. -- An Alternative Synthesis of Glucagon by the Method of Solid Phase Condensation of Peptide Fragments / Kung, Y-T. / Zhu, D-Y. / Qiu, X-D. / Yuan, X-W. / Ke, L-T. / Wei, W. -- SECTION III. SEMISYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL MODIFICATION -- Progress Towards the Semisynthesis of Preproinsulin / Naithani, V.K. / Büllesbach, E.E. / Zahn, H. / Shield, J. / Chance, R. / Root, M.A. -- Specific Activation of the Arginine Carboxyl Group of the B-Chain of Bovine Des-Octapeptide-(B23-30)-Insulin / Canova-Davis, E. / Carpenter, F.H. -- Enzyme-Catalyzed Semisynthesis with Insulin Derivatives / Gattner, H.-G. / Danho, W. / Naithani, V.K. -- The Relative Reactivity of Insulin Amino Groups as an Indicator of Structural Accessibility and its Use for Synthetic Approaches for Structure-Function Studies / Friesen, H.-J. -- A14-(N-Methylpyridinium) and A14-(2-Nitro-4-Trimethylammoniophenyl) Derivatives of Bovine Insulin / Drewes, S.E. / Easter, B.R.D. / Robinson, H.M. / Magojo, H.E.M. -- Preparation of Covalent Insulin Dimers / Schüttler, A. / Brandenburg, D. -- Reactions of Insulin Derivatives with ETAC Reagents / Lawton, R.G. -- SECTION IV. RADIOACTIVE LABELLING AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES -- The Application of HPLC to the Analysis of Radio- Iodinated Tracers of Glucagon and Insulin / Markussen, J. / Larsen, U.D. -- Monoiodoinsulin Specifically Substituted in A14-Tyr or A19-Tyr / Hansen, B. / Linde, S. / Sonne, 0. / Gliemann, J. -- Preparation of Homogeneous Insulin Tracers with Monoand Di-Iodo-Desaminotyrosines in Position B1 / Bahrami, S. / Brandenburg, D. -- Insulin and Proteins Labeled by Microwave Discharge Activation of Tritium / Tschesche, H. / Behr, W. / Wick, R. -- Radioactive Labelling (14 C, 3 H) of Insulin and Insulin Derivatives by Reductive Methylation; Isolation of Homogeneous N, N-Di-Methylated Derivatives / Uschkoreit, J. / Brandenburg, D. / Friesen, H.-J. -- Quantitative Determination of Insulin by Gradient Elution HPLC / Biemond, M.E.F. / Sipman, W.A. / Olivié, J -- Some Preliminary Findings in Isotachophoretic Analyses of Insulin / Baldesten, A. -- Studies on the Denaturation of Dissolved Insulin / Thurow, H. -- SECTION V. RECEPTORS AND HORMONE-RECEPTOR INTERACTION -- 125 I-SpHPP-Avidin: A Tool for Hormone Receptor Studies / Finn, F.M. / Hofmann, K. -- Chromatographic Properties of the Adipocyte Transport System in Detergent Solution and its Resolution from the Insulin Receptor / Czech, M.P. / Carter-Su, C. / Pilch, P.F. -- Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography as a Tool in Insulin Receptor Purification / Kuehn, L. / Meyer, H. / Reinauer, H. -- Localization of Insulin-Receptor Complexes on the Surface of Whole Cells by Autoradiography / Junger, E. / Giesen, C. / Semmler, M. / Reinauer, H. / Bachmann, L. -- Insulin Receptors in the Heart Muscle: Evidence for the Negative Cooperativity Binding Model / Eckel, J. / Reinauer, H. -- Insulin Receptors, Insulin Degradation, and Biological Activity / Sonne, O. / Gliemann, J. -- Regulation of Insulin Receptors in Isolated Hepatocytes from Normal and Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats in the Fed and 48 H Fasted State / Gammeltoft, S. / Kristensen, L.Ø.. / Folke, M. / Sestoft, L. -- Insulin-Receptor Turnover and Down Regulation / Terris, S. / Steiner, D.F. -- Receptor-Mediated Internalisation of Insulin, Glucagon and Growth Hormone in Intact Rat Liver. A Biochemical Study / Desbuquois, B. / Postel-Vinay, M.-C. -- Kinetics of Insulin Binding to Its Receptors in vivo. Effects of Fasting / Sodoyez, J.C. / Sodoyez-Goffaux, F. / Thiry-Moris, Y.M. -- Hystricomorph Insulins and Insulin Receptors / Lazarus, N.R. / O'Connor, K. / Neville, R.W.J. / Goodwin, P. / Horuk, R. / Stone, D. -- SECTION VI. PHOTO-INDUCED HORMONE-RECEPTOR COUPLING -- Photoreactive Insulin Derivatives: Preparation and Characterization / Thamm, P. / Saunders, D. / Brandenburg, D. -- Photoreactive Insulin Derivatives: Chemical and Physical Properties / Saunders, D. / Thamm, P. / Brandenburg, D. -- The Preparation and Application of an A1-Substituted Photo-Reactive Insulin Analogue / Rees, A.R. / Whittle, M.R. -- Photoaffinity Labeling of Insulin Receptor Proteins of Liver Plasma Membranes / Yip, C.C. / Yeung, C.W.-T. / Moule, M.L. -- Characterisation of Insulin Binding Sites in Rat Liver Plasma Membranes Using Photoreactive Insulin Analogues / Wisher, M.H. / Thamm, P. / Saunders, D. / Sönksen, P.H. / Brandenburg, D. -- Permanent Activation of Lipogenesis by Insulin Covalently Bound to Adipocyte Receptors / Diaconescu, C. / Thamm, P. / Saunders, D.J. / Brandenburg, D. -- SECTION VII. STRUCTURE, BINDING, ACTIVITY -- The Activation of Adenylate Cyclase by Chemically Modified Forms of Glucagon and its Relationship to Receptor Binding / Epand, R.M. -- Structure-Activity Relationships of Insulin-Induced Negative Cooperativity Among Receptor Sites / Piron, M. / Michiels-Place, M. / Waelbroeok, M. / Meyts, P. De / Schüttler, A. / Brandenburg, D. -- Properties of a Mutant Insulin Species Causing Human Diabetes / Olefsky, J.M. / Saekow, M. / Kobayashi, M. / Kolterman, O.G. / Tager, H. / Given, B. / Baldwin, D. / Mako, M. / Markese, J. / Hubenstein, A.M. / Poucher, H. -- A1-Modified Insulins: Receptor Binding and Biological Activity / Rösen, P. / Simon, M. / Reinauer, H. / Brandenburg, D. / Friesen, H. -J. / Diaconescu, C. -- Biological Activity of Insulin Analogues Substituted at the Amino Group of B1-Phenylalanine / Geiger, R. / Obermeier, R. / Teetz, V. / Uhmann, R. / Summ, H.D. / Neubauer, H. / Geisen, K. / Regitz, G. -- Functional Role of the N-Terminal Region of the B-Chain of Insulin / Yeung, C. W.-T. / Moule, M.L. / Sip, C.C. -- Biological Properties of Covalent Insulin Dimers / Willey, K.P. / Tatnell, M.A. / Jones, R.H. / Schüttler, A. / Brandenburg, D. -- Biological Activity and Receptor Binding of Six Different Covalent Dimers of Insulin / Schlüter, K. / Petersen, K.-G. / Schüttler, A. / Brandenburg, D. / Kerp, L . -- In vitro and in vivo Effects of Poly-N-Vinylpyrrolidone- Insulin / Kolb, H.J. / Renner, R. / von Specht, B.U. / Hepp, K.D. -- Study of Insulin Action by Use of Insulin-Dextran Complex: Uptake of Insulin into Subcellular Fractions and Stimulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Mouse Adipocytes / Sakamoto, Y. / Kuzuya, T. -- Studies on the Mechanism of Insulin Action VI: The Interaction of Insulin Fragments with Insulin Receptor / Feng, Y-M / Gu, J-L. / Zhang, X-T. / Lu, Z-X. / Xu, W-J. / Zhu, J-H -- Stimulation of Intracellular H2 02 Production in Rat Epididymal Adipocytes by Insulin, Insulin Fragments, and Other Hormones and Growth Factors with Insulin-Like Activities / Haën, C. de / Muchmore, D.B. / Little, S.A. -- Early Events in Insulin Binding and Insulin Action in Fat Cells and Hepatocytes / Häring, H. / Brocks, D.G. / Siess, E.A. / Kemmler, W. -- Role of the Biodegradation Process in the Action of Insulin. A Proposal for a Model Consisting of Sulfhydryl- Disulfide Interchange Reaction and Proteolysis / Varandani, P.T. -- Insulin Receptors, Receptor Antibodies and the Mechanism of Insulin Action / Kahn, C.R. / Grunfeld, C. / King, G.L. / Van Obberghen, E. / Baird, K.L. -- SECTION VIII. DEGRADATION -- Studies on Uptake of [3 H]-Insulin by Erythrocytes / Behr, W. / Tsohesahe, H. -- An Insulin-Degrading Enzyme from Human Erythrocytes: Isolation and Characterization / Kolb, H.J. / Standl, E. -- Comparison of 125 I-Insulin and [B1- 3 H-Phenylalanine]- Insulin Degradation by Insulin Protease / Duckworth, W.C. / Halban, P.A. -- The Chemical Characterization of the Products of the Processing of Subcutaneously Injected Insulin / Davies, J.G. / Offord, R.E. / Halban, P.A. / Berger, M. -- Some Inhibitors of Insulin Degradation / Offord, R.E. / Philippe, J. / Hoare, S.M. / Halban, P.A. / Berger, M. -- Excretion of Endogenous and Exogenous Insulin by Kidney in Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Sacks, H.S. / Stenz, F.B. / Kitabohi, A.E. -- Incubation of Insulin in Hyperglycemic Blood Generates Insulin Dimers / Csorba, T.R. / Cannon, M.M. / Ungar, M. / Track, N.S. -- SECTION IX. IMMUNOLOGY -- Genetic Regulation of the Immune Response of Mice to Insulins of Different Species / Keck, K. / Momayezi, M. -- Genetic Control of the Immune Response to Insulin / Rosenthal, A.S. / Thomas, J.W. / Schroer, J. / Danho, W. / Büllesbach, E. / Föhles, J. -- Analysis of the Immunogenicity of Three Insulin- Preparations / Kiesel, U. / Jansen, F.K. / Brandenburg, D. / Gattner, H.-G. -- Studies on the Immunological Properties of Natural and Modified Insulins / Neubauer, H.P. / Schöne, H.H. -- Genetic Control of the Immune Response to Insulin: A Clinical Study of Adverse Immunologic Reactions to Insulin / Rosenthal, A.S. / Blake, J.T. / Kahn, C.R. / Mann, D. / Galloway, J. -- The Induction of Hyperglycemia with Insulin Antibodies to B-Chain Determinants / Arquilla, E.R. / Kelso, J.M. / Tamai, I.Y. / Roth, M.D. -- The Pattern of B-Lymphocyte Specificities for Modified and Unmodified Insulins in the Mouse / Kiesel, U. / Gattner, H-G. -- Specificity of Rabbit Anti-Insulin Antibody / Keck, K. / Jäger, K. / Geiger, R. / Brandenburg, D. / Gattner, H.-G. -- Radioimmunoassay of Chemically-Modified Insulins - Use and Misuse / Thomas, J.H. / Dron, D.I. / Jones, R.H. / Sönksen, P.H. / Brandenburg, D. -- Purity of Chromatographycally Purified Insulins Measured by Skin-Reactivity and Insulin-Specific IGE / Velcovsky, H.-G. / Mäser, E. / Federlin, K. -- SECTION X. BIOSYNTHESIS, STORAGE, EVOLUTION -- Human Preproinsulin: Primary Structure of the Messenger RNA / Ullrich, A. / Goeddel, D.V. / Gray, A. / Sures, I. -- Quantification of Proinsulin Biosynthesis by Determination of Specific Radioactivity of [3 H]-Leucine in Pancreatic Islets / Schmidt, S. / Schröder, D. / Jahr, H. / Zühlke, H. -- Immunoreactive Rat C-Peptides I and II in Glucose Perfusate of Isolated Pancreas / Yanaihara, C. / Ozaki, J. / Nishida, N. / Yanaihara, N. / Keneko, T. -- Biosynthesis of Somatostatin in Pancreatic Islets of Wistar Rats / Schmidt, S. / Zühlke, H. / Schröder, D. / Ziegler, M. / Jahr, H. -- Crystallography of Intracellular Insulin and Glucagon as Revealed by Investigations of Tissues and Models / Lange, R.H. -- Pancreatic Hormone Storage Granules: The Role of Metal Ions and Polypeptide Oligomers / Pitts, J.E. / Wood, S.P. / Horuk, R. / Bedarkav, S. / Blundell, T.L. -- On the Molecular Biology of Hagfish Insulin / Emdin, S.O. / Falkmer, S. -- SECTION XI. INSULIN-RELATED HORMONES -- Possible Relationships in the Processing, Storage and Secretion of Some Insulin-Related Peptides / Dodson, G.G. / Isaacs, N. / Bradshaw, R.A. / Niall, H.D. -- Insulin-Like Growth Factors / Humbel, R.E. / Andres, R. / Ernest, C. / Haselbacher, G. / Rinderknecht, E. / Froesch, E.R. / Schwander, J. / Walter, H. / Zapf, J. -- Relaxin and Relaxin-Like Peptides in Ovaries of Pregnant Sows and Sharks / Schwabe, C. -- Structural Studies on Porcine Relaxins and their Biosynthetic Precursors / Niall, H.D. / John, M. / James, R. / Kwok, S. / Mercado, R. / Bryant-Greenwood, G. / Bradshaw, R.A. / Gast, M. / Boime, I. -- PRESENTATIONS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS VOLUME -- LIST OF PARTICIPANTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- SUBJECT INDEX -- AUTHOR INDEX