Risk Importance Measures in the Design and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants

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Risk Importance Measures in the Design and Operation of Nuclear Power Plants

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O knihe

This monograph presents and discusses risk importance measures as

quantified by the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) models of nuclear

power plants (NPPs) developed according to the current standards

and practices. Usually, PRA tools calculate risk importance measures

related to a single "basic event" representing particular failure mode.

This is, then, reflected in many current PRA applications. The monograph

focuses on the concept of "component-level" importance measures

that take into account different failure modes of the component

including common-cause failures (CCFs). In opening sections the role

of risk assessment in safety analysis of an NPP is introduced and discussion

given of "traditional", mainly deterministic, design principles

which have been established to assign a level of importance to a particular

system, structure or component. This is followed by an overview

of main risk importance measures for risk increase and risk decrease

from current PRAs. Basic relations which exist among the measures are

shown. Some of the current practical applications of risk importance

measures from the field of NPP design, operation and regulation are

discussed. The core of the monograph provides a discussion on theoretical

background and practical aspects of main risk importance measures

at the level of "component" as modeled in a PRA, starting from

the simplest case, single basic event, and going toward more complex

cases with multiple basic events and involvements in CCF groups. The

intent is to express the component-level importance measures via the

importance measures and probabilities of the underlying single basic

events, which are the inputs readily available from a PRA model and

its results. Formulas are derived and discussed for some typical cases.

The formulas and their results are demonstrated through some practical

examples, done by means of a simplified PRA model developed in

and run by RiskSpectrum® tool, which are presented in the appendices.