Schools of Linguistics

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 48. Chapters: Generative linguistics, Noam Chomsky, Chomsky hierarchy, Transformational grammar, Plato's Problem, Linguistic competence, Minimalist program, Poverty of the stimulus, Principles and parameters, Antisymmetry, Generative grammar, Head-driven phrase structure grammar, Generative semantics, Deep structure, Binding, Tree-adjoining grammar, Frederick Newmeyer, Government and binding theory, Specified subject condition, Garden path sentence, Distributed morphology, Lexical functional grammar, Prague Linguistic Circle, Transderivational search, Naomi Baron, Groupe µ, Parasitic gap, Tensed-S Condition, Generalized phrase structure grammar, Howard Lasnik, David Pesetsky, Tough movement, Gradient well-formedness, Linguistic performance, Movement paradox, Richard Kayne, The Leiden School, Generative second language acquisition, Subject side parameter. Excerpt: Avram Noam Chomsky ( ; born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, and activist. He is an Institute Professor and Professor (Emeritus) in the Department of Linguistics & Philosophy at MIT, where he has worked for over 50 years. Chomsky has been described as the "father of modern linguistics" and a major figure of analytic philosophy. His work has influenced fields such as computer science, mathematics, and psychology. Chomsky is credited as the creator or co-creator of the Chomsky hierarchy theorem, the universal grammar theory, and the Chomsky-Schützenberger theorem. Ideologically identifying with anarchism and libertarian socialism, Chomsky is known for his critiques of U.S. foreign policy, and he has been described as a prominent cultural figure. His social criticism has included Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media (1988), co-written with Edward S. Herman, an analysis articulating the propaganda model theory for examining the media. According to the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1992, Chomsky was cited as a source more often than any other living scholar from 1980 to 1992. He is also the eighth most cited source of all time, and is considered the "most cited living author". Chomsky is the author of over 100 books. Ray and Maria Stata Center at MIT, in which Chomsky holds his office in the Department of Linguistics and PhilosophyChomsky was born on the morning of December 7, 1928, to Jewish parents in the affluent East Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of noted professor of Hebrew at Gratz College and IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) member William Chomsky (1896-1977), a native of Ukraine. His mother, Elsie Chomsky (née Simonofsky)-a native of what is present-day Belarus-grew up in the United States and, unlike her husband, spoke "ordinary New York English". Chomsky's parents' first language was Yiddish, but Chomsky said it was "taboo" in his family to speak it