Teaching and Learning at a Distance

Teaching and Learning at a Distance is written for introductory distance education courses for preservice or
in-service teachers, and for training programs that discuss teaching distant learners or managing distance
education systems. This text provides readers with the basic information needed to be knowledgeable
distance educators and leaders of distance education programs.
The teacher or trainer who uses this book will be able to distinguish between appropriate uses of distance
education. In this text we take the following themes:
The first theme is the definition of distance education. Before we started writing the first edition of Teaching
and Learning at a Distance we carefully reviewed the literature to determine the definition that would be at
the foundation of our writing. This definition is based on the work of Desmond Keegan, but is unique to this
book. This definition of distance education has been adopted by the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology and by the Encyclopedia Britannica.
The second theme of the book was the importance of research to the development of the contents of the book. The best practices presented in Teaching
and Learning at a Distance are validated by scientific evidence. Certainly there are "rules of thumb", but we have always attempted to only include
recommendations that can be supported by research.
The third theme of Teaching and Learning at a distance is derived from Richard Clark's famous quote published in the Review of Educational
Research that states that media are mere vehicles that do not directly influence achievement. Clark's controversial work is discussed in the book, but is
also fundamental to the book's advocacy for distance education - in other words, we authors did not make the claim that education delivered at a
distance was inherently better than other ways people learn. Distance delivered instruction is not a "magical" approach that makes learners achieve
more.
The fourth theme of the book is equivalency theory. Here we presented the concept that instruction
should be provided to learners that is equivalent rather than identical to what might be delivered in a
traditional environment. Equivalency theory helps the instructional designer approach the
development of instruction for each learner without attempting to duplicate what happens in a face to
face classroom.
The final theme for Teaching and Learning at a Distance is the idea that the book should be
comprehensive - that it should cover as much of the various ways instruction is made available to
distant learners as is possible. It should be a single source of information about the field.