World War II spies for the Soviet Union

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 29. Chapters: Alan Nunn May, Alexander Radó, Alfred Henningsen, Arthur Wynn, Branko Vukelic (spy), Cambridge Five, Edith Tudor Hart, Elizaveta Mukasei, Hotsumi Ozaki, Kim Philby, Leopold Trepper, Linn Farrish, Lona Cohen, Maurice Halperin, Mikhail Mukasei, Morris Cohen (spy), Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov, Richard Sorge, Rudolf Roessler, Ursula Kuczynski, Vladimir Pozner, Willi Lehmann. Excerpt: Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 - 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union. He served as both an NKVD and KGB operative. In 1963, Philby was revealed to be a member of the spy ring now known as the Cambridge Five, the other members of which were Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and another uncertain individual. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviet Union. His activities were moderated only by Joseph Stalin's fears that he was secretly on Britain's side. Philby was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) from 1946 to 1965. Philby was born at Ambala in the Punjab while it was a province of British India. His father, St. John Philby, a well-known author, orientalist, and convert to Islam, was a member of the Indian Civil Service and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Nicknamed "Kim" after the young boy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim, Philby attended Aldro preparatory school. Following in the footsteps of his father, he continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read history and economics. Whilst at Cambridge, he was treasurer of the Cambridge University Socialist Society and canvassed for the Labour candidate for Cambridge in the 1931 election. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in economics. Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb - a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and tutor in economics - introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism in Paris. The World Federation was one of innumerable fronts operated by the German communist Willi Münzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. Dobb, a Communist sympathiser, also placed Philby in contact with the Comintern underg